The neuro-regeneration, repair and functional recovery of the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most important research fields in neuroscience currently, involving different branches of basic neuroscience, neurosurgery, neurology, neuro-rehabilitation, combined traditional Chinese and western medicine and other relevant disciplines. Up until now, clinically repairing CNS lesions and recovering some neurological functions for the patients have been considered impossible, despite the constant efforts and many progresses in basic research by previous generations of neuroscientists. Thus, patients with chronic spinal cord injuries(SCI), consequence of serious traumatic brain damage, stroke (cerebral infarction and hemorrhage), and many other sorts of CNS diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or motor neuron disease (MND), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), myelitis, multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral palsy(CP) have always been told by their physicians that it was impossible to recover their neurological functions and they would endure a lifetime of disability. However, under the direction of Dr. Huang Hongyun, Chinese neuroscientists at Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy (BHNA) have demonstrated some neurological functional recovery on patients with the CNS diseases listed above by using human olfactory ensheathing glial cell transplants (OEG or OEC transplantation). Their achievements are based on development of basic and clinical research around the world for recent twenty years. Their research indicates that it is possible to obtain neuro-regeneration, repair and functional recovery in patients who suffered from untreatable CNS diseases believed before, but this dream of the millennium has now become a reality as well. OEC transplantation has opened the door to neuro-regeneration, repair and functional recovery in clinic all over the world. It is believable that more and more effective methods will be combined and used to treat these patients with CNS diseases and damage in the future.